Northanger Abbey Essay- Sanya Dua Essays - Literature, Fiction

Northanger Abbey Essay- Sanya Dua Jane Austin's 19th Century text Northanger Abbey critically evaluates the values associated with the stratified society of Regency England. Austen articulates the importance of social class in the Victorian era and how it characterizes people. She examines the social expectations of woman in the patriarchal society where her character subverts these social norms. Austin highlights the dangers of an overactive imagination due to exposure to gothic literature, where she subverts the cotemporary Romantic values, evincing the importance of keeping a balance between imagination and reality. Thus Austin illuminates the difficulties and expectations of the Regency era as demonstrated in her book Northanger Abbey. Outer appearances and social status were a crucial aspect of the hierarchal society in the Regency era, as dictated by the behaviour of characters in Northanger abbey. Austin utilises horatian satire through the characterisation of Mrs Allen who is a materialistic woman primarily concerned with outer appearances as comically seen through exaggeration in, "Mrs Allen congratulated herself, on having preserved her gown from injury. It would have been very shocking to have it torn". This can be further seen with John, who is constantly boasting about his horse and carriage to impress Catherine who remains uninterested, "look at my horse, did you ever see an animal so made for speed in your life". Austen emphasizes the importance of wealth and position in the Regency era and the actions people are willing to take in order to reach the upper class as advocated by the manipulations of Isabella Thorpe who transfers her "affection" from James to his wealthier and better positioned Captain Til ney as Catherine notes, "Isabella seemed an altered creature" noting that her heart had become an "object" that could be bestowed onto another. Also, Through the characterisation of General Tilney, Austen exposes the social concerns relating to status. He values social class highly and treats those of a lower social standing than himself with disdain and rudeness as elucidated in Catherine's' sudden ejection from the Abbey "hurrying her away without any reference to her own convenience" when he finds about her lack of wealth. He believes that marriage should occur within equal classes and initially believes Catherine is not acceptable highlighting a common issue for women as commodities for exchange in the Austen's society. Austen reflects, and exposes the constraining social expectations and limited rights of woman in the regency era through characters who reflect and subvert these social norms. Whilst Catherine often adheres to the rules of her society the third person omniscient narration often alerts the reader to characters who challenge the accepted codes of behaviour. Notably, the heroine Catherine subverts the traditional female traits by displaying masculine qualities as demonstrated in "she was fond of all boys plays, and greatly preferred cricket not merely dolls." Austen further portrays her as a realistic character when she is denied the attributes of a typical Regency heroine as advocated by listing in "she had thin awkward figure, sallow skin without colour." Through a satirical lens Austen highlights the importance and social expectation of having a partner to dance with through Catherine's revelation of "disappointment" when she struggles to find one, "she longed to dance, but she had no acquaintance in the room". Austen exposes the limited woman's role in the regency society where finding a wealthy and considerable man was the only vocation afforded them." Austen conveys how gender expectations can govern love as shown through dialogue, "No young lady can be justified in falling in love before the gentleman's love is declared." Austen demonstrates the roles and responsibilities of woman in Regency England as illustrated through Mrs Morland concerns for the marriage, "Catherine would make a sad heedless young housekeeper to be sure". Au sten educates us that there is more than outer appearances and woman should act rational as illustrated when Catherine rejects John and refuses to go on the carriage, "But indeed I cannot go. If I am wrong, I am doing what I believe to be right." Indicating that she did not give into social pressures imposed on her and made her own informed choices. Austen explores the the dangers of an overzealous imagination when exposed to gothic literature, articulating

Gas Turbine Engines essays

Gas Turbine Engines essays Gas turbine engines date back to the early 1940's. Sir Frank Wittle, a British aeronautical engineer and aviator, invented the turbojet engine (The World Almanac Educational Group, 2002, p. 1). Gas turbine engines took off, and have been soaring ever since. They offer an unmatched power to weight ratio, which make them ideal for many applications. This essay will describe the process of a gas turbine engine, as well as explain some new advances and futuristic technologies associated with GTE's, by answering the following questions: 1. What exactly is a gas turbine engine? 2. How is a gas turbine engine different from a reciprocating engine? 3. What are some new advances with gas turbine engines? 4. What is the future for gas turbine engines? What exactly is a gas turbine engine? Turbine engines are used in aircraft and on boats. Some smaller gas turbine engines are even used to produce electrical power, drive pumps, and generate steam. "Turbine engines are relatively simple, at least insofar as their parts count is concerned. And they are also tough and reliable, so they rarely fail in any circumstances" (Aarons, 2001, p. 52). In the Dictionary of Aeronautical Terms, Dale Crane defines a gas turbine engine as: An internal combustion engine that burns its fuel in a constant-pressure cycle. Air is taken into a gas turbine engine and compressed by either an axial flow or centrifugal compressor. The compressed air then passes into the combustion chambers where fuel is sprayed into a continuously burning fire. The burning fuel heats and expands the air. The hot air passes through a turbine, which extracts some of the energy and uses it to turn the compressor. (p. 267) As confusing as this process sounds, there are far fewer moving parts than any other type of combusting engine. Fewer moving parts lead to fewer malfunctions, which in turn also saves money and lives. How is a gas turbine engine different Ther...

Injury prediction and prevention screening in sport Essay

Injury prediction and prevention screening in sport - Essay Example It will also critique papers and identify the best screening practice covering a wide range of sports and screening tools used for both elite athletes and recreational sports. This review will assess various databases including, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar in order to establish various studies relevant to this subject matter. The literature shall be narrowed down to the following inclusion criteria: studies on injury prediction and prevention screening, studies on athletes, servicemen, and other active individuals, studies published from January 2003 to January 2013, and studies published in the English language. The credibility of the authors and the publication will be assessed, including the validity and the reliability of the studies. In the paper by Myer, et.al., (2011), the authors set out to apply sensitive laboratory tools in order to establish predictive tools which impact on increased knee-abduction movement (KAM) during landing. The study covered a sufficient population of respondents evaluating two groups of athletes—female basketball and soccer players. The study however chose to cover a single-county public school district, limiting the general applicability of the results. The respondents were asked to participate in testing athropometrics, maturation, flexibility, and strength and landing biomechanics. The study revealed that an increased knee abduction angle, quadriceps recruitment, tibia length, and BMI with lower knee flexion represent 80% of the variance in the KAM in instances of drop vertical jump. In effect, females who manifest increased KAM would be more responsive and would likely manage better after neuromuscular training. Such findings help in identifying those who have a higher ris k for injury assisting also in their neuromuscular training in the prevention of related risks.

An Evaluation of a Destination Website Case Study

An Evaluation of a Destination Website - Case Study Example Websites are ideal for this purpose since they can provide facts, information, visuals and communication. Visitors can browse through such sites fix a place to visit, make travel arrangements, make bookings etc all thorough a well designed destination site. "The Internet appears to have overtaken many established resources utilised in the tourism industry and is now second only to recommendations by friends or family. (Using the Internet to Promote your Product: Tourism on the Internet: Research and Planning. 2001). This paper is a review of a destination website called 'incredibleindia.com' with reference to how a well designed and effective travel destination site should be made. A personal review will be made followed by a study using participants to verify my findings. Components of a well designed destination website: There are certain characteristics that any website, including destination sites, should have. The essential elements that should be reviewed are design, content, usability, and interactivity. Design: The webpage ... But for a destination site, pictures and even moving images are essential for it to be eye catching. There should be uniformity or consistency of different pages in the web site. That is, it should look as if all the pages are from the same website. Jarring colours should not be used. With regard to the site under review, the design is simple. The page is uncluttered and colours are light. The dominant colours are light green and blue with text predominantly in blue and white. The absence of pictures are a disappointment and the only picture given appears to be someplace outside India. There is nothing outstanding about the design of the website. So, as a destination site, it is highly disappointing in terms of design. "The design and layout of your site is the next most important part of building a website. Make a bad choice here and it won't matter how great your content is or how much advertising you do. If your site looks bad no one will visit and those that do won't stay long or buy anything." (Website Design Tips - Good Website Design. 2000-2007). Content: The most used clich about this aspect is that 'content is king'. This is true for nay published material. Content is the most important aspect in any web site. However attractive a site may be to look at will be overshadowed by poor content. Users visit web pages for a particular need and the content should satisfy it. In the words of one of the most well known authorities on web design, Jakob Nielsen: "They visit sites because there's something they want to accomplish -- maybe even buy your product. The ultimate failure of a website is to fail to provide the information users are looking for." (Top 10 Mistakes in Web Design: Not

Patient satisfaction with dental care services Essay

Patient satisfaction with dental care services - Essay Example Infact, current core of modern marketing involves targeting consumer satisfaction because it is only through customer satisfaction that organizations can thrive, survive and grow. Dental service too like any other organization is concerned with consumer satisfaction or patient satisfaction. There is enough evidence to show that patient compliance, adherence to dentist and improved outcomes of treatment are related to patient satisfaction like in any other healthcare sector. Specifically, in dental services, a patient may need to meet the dentist several times, because many procedures are done in several sittings and can cause pain, distress and financial burden. Thus, it is only through patient satisfaction, that a patient can be made to come back to the same dentist. In this essay, patient satisfaction with dental care services with be discussed through review of suitable literature. Studies pertaining to consumer satisfaction were first done in 1960s and since there more than 15,000 articles have been published in this regard (Newsome and Wright, 1999a). According to Patterson et al (1997; cited in Newsome and Wright, 1999a), "the satisfied customer is an indispensable means of creating a sustainable advantage in the competitive environment." In the terrain of health care, consumer satisfaction has been widely recognized and is considered as a recognition of quality. Such a widespread importance for consumer satisfaction has occurred because of recognition of the need for involvement of the consumer in the process of health care. (Tuominene, and Tuominene, 1998). In health care system, clinical outcome of high quality is directly dependent on the level of compliance to treatment regimens, which in turn is dependent on patient compliance. A patient who is satisfied is compliant with appointments and treatments advised and hence, high quality in health care canno t be achieved without

Case Study On Oresund Bridge Construction Essay

Case Study On Oresund Bridge Construction Essay Oresund Bridge is constructed across the Oresund strait; it is the longest rail and road bridge in the whole of Europe. [1] It connects two metropolitan areas namely Danish capital Copenhagen and City of Malmo in Sweden. . The international European route E20 runs across the bridge and through the tunnel. This Bridge acts as a link between Main land Europe and the rest of the Scandinavia. The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors which influence estimating, maintenance, safety and construction techniques of the bridge and to recommend improvements that can help in the further growth and popularity of the bridge. Identify factors that negatively affect the Oresund Bridge. Develop a method to help the users who travel through the longest road and rail Bridge with ease and level of comfort. Analyze the results and propose a model solution to improve the performance. The primary factors which affect the construction of the bridge are discussed in detail and some of the recommendations are also included. Developing a safety analysis of the safety performance factors will help to prevent accidents by anticipating and mitigating hazards that occur frequently. The historical factors will be discussed about the past construction by the engineers and architects and some statistics are provided to show the evolution of the Bridge and how it affected the constru ction industry in past, On the economical front the methods which were used to reduce the cost of the project and current market estimation about the construction techniques are also discussed. The organizational factor, which is considered to be more significant discusses about the relationship of bridge and the places which it is connected to and the cityscape. Its behavior and contribution to the people and place, representativeness, terms and policies to use the bridge will be thoroughly analyzed. The procedural factors will be discussed which include provision of safety and equipment, and maintenance of the bridge. The geographical location of Oresund region is very favorable for transporting goods between Scandinavia and Baltic countries, however earlier the main bottle neck in realizing this is the infrastructure. The Oresund Bridge provided a solution for this as the completion of the bridge in 2000 has improved the Infrastructure. In fact the modern infrastructure is one of the main positive aspects of the Oresund Region. The modern motorway and railway around the two cities set a high standard which connects Copenhagen and Malmo. Access to Copenhagen airport and Malmo airport has improved. The merger of Copenhagen port and Malmo has resulted in formation of a company which is the largest importing port of cars in Nordic region [2]. All the four transportation systems have been well planned in the Oresund Region when compared to similar systems in Europe. When the fixed link across Fuhrman belt is completed around 2018 2020, it will connect 10 million people in Southern Scandinavia and Nor thern Germany in that this new traffic lanes will link the Oresund Region with Hamburg. This may create new opportunities in the future for manipulating the synergies that arise from bringing together the two capitals. [2] Considering the strengths of the Oresund Region which are network platforms for marketing and research and production across borders and institutional drawbacks. For six different platforms Oresund region is a parasol organization which reflects the regions strength: Medicon Valley Academy, Oresund IT, Oresund Food Network, Oresund Environment Academy, Oresund Design, and Oresund Logistics. The Oresund University is yet another network in which 12 universities and institutions of higher education in the region work together to strengthen research and education in the Oresund Region. Between Scandinavia and Europe Network platforms. The bridge in a global context measured by scientific output, Copenhagen Malmo Lund ranks 5th in Europe. Measured by overall life quality, the Oresund Region also scores highly 8th after cities in Southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Measured by population, the region ranks 23rd.Measured in economic terms, the region ranks 10th alongside cities li ke Milan, Hamburg, Berlin, Madrid, Rome and Stuttgart. [2] Several factors influenced the development of the project which include, environmental, economic and political. For example by the end of the old war, and the start of globalization has forced the two countries to look for ways of improving the economy of the region, also the Swedens approach to be a part of the European Union has been the main driving factors. Railway tracks and motorway from Fosie Lernacken: 10 km of new double tracked railway (Oresundsbanan). The railway runs parallel with the motorway in a 90m wide corridor. The first stop on the route is Malmo Syd or Svagertorp.The motorway runs from Fosieby, where it connects the outer ring road to the toll station at Lernacken. This section includes two major interchanges and several smaller overpasses. At Lernacken the Traffic Centre and the toll station for vehicles and are situated. The Traffic Centre is responsible for operating the toll station, monitoring the motorway traffic and monitoring the technical systems. The toll station has got 11 lanes in each direction with a capacity of 200 vehicles an hour/lane and 10 toll booths in each direction. [5] The Oresund Bridge has a profound effect on the geographical, economic and culture of the people in this Scandinavian region. The completion of the project has enabled the economic development of the region and also paved a path for Sweden to be a part of the European Union. A new avenue for trade has been opened and also enabled the industries in European main land to tap the rich human resources in this region. The project has provided the local population with employment and also helped the local industry such as material providers which include steel, concrete etc.It also improved the tourism of the place which happens to be the main sources of economy. In the course of this paper we discussed the advantages of cable stayed process over suspension type of bridges in shallow type water. We also discussed the effects on the environment and measures taken to preserve it. We also gave details of the cost incurred for the completion of the project and as a personal opinion a better pl anning could have reduced the costs further. This is supported by the data provided where the original estimates differed from actual costs by huge amounts. It is common knowledge that the traffic on the roads and bridges increases with time and seen from the graph there is a 17% increase in the traffic over Oresund Bridge in 1st 6months. This is quite normal, and the rate may not sustain, but even then there can be expected that there will be a considerable increase in the traffic in coming future, if not 17% at least 10%, in such case the Oresund bridge with its two lanes for the in either direction will reach its capacity in a decade time. This demands to look for ways to increase the lanes. The carriageway does not reach to the edge of the truss. It would be possible to cast a wider deck element with the possibility of adding an extra lane in either direction. This would bring the carriageway closer to the edge of the bridge and add a significant amount of dead load to the structure. Another option would be to hang new truss elements off the side of the existing deck. This would seem to be a more complex procedure than the first one suggested, but could add more than one lane in either direction. All of these modifications would have effects on the loading of the bridge and strengthening works could well be required for both the cables and the piers.

Understanding Mathematics Essay -- Math History Learning Papers

Understanding Mathematics This paper is an attempt to explain the structure of the process of understanding mathematical objects such as notions, definitions, theorems, or mathematical theories. Understanding is an indirect process of cognition which consists in grasping the sense of what is to be understood, showing itself in the ability to apply what is understood in other circumstances and situations. Thus understanding should be treated functionally: as acquiring sense. We can distinguish three basic planes on which the process of understanding mathematics takes place. The first is the plane of understanding the meaning of notions and terms existing in mathematical considerations. A mathematician must have the knowledge of what the given symbols mean and what the corresponding notions denote. On the second plane, understanding concerns the structure of the object of understanding wherein it is the sense of the sequences of the applied notions and terms that is important. The third plane-understanding the 'role' of the object of understanding-consists in fixing the sense of the object of understanding in the context of a greater entity, i.e., it is an investigation of the background of the problem. Additionally, understanding mathematics, to be sufficiently comprehensive, should take into account (apart from the theoretical planes) at least three other connected considerations-historical, methodological and philosophical-as ignoring them results in a superficial and incomplete understanding of mathematics. In an outstanding book by P. J. Davis and R. Hersh, The Mathematical Experience, there is a small chapter devoted to the crisis of understanding mathematics. Alas, this fragment focuses only on the presentation of the d... ...an't learn mathematics without its thorough understanding. My postulate is that, in the process of teaching mathematics, we should take into account both the history and philosophy (with methodology) of mathematics, since neglecting them makes the understanding of mathematics superficial and incomplete. Bibliography 1. Philip J. Davis & Reuben Hersh, The Mathematical Experience, Birkhà ¤user Boston, 1981. 2. Izydora DÄ…mbska, W sprawie pojÄ™cia rozumienia, in: Ruch Filozoficzny 4, 1958. 3. John R.Searle, Minds, Brains and Programs, in: Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3, Cambridge University Press 1980, p.417-424. 4. Danuta Gierulanka, Zagadnienie swoistoÅ›ci poznania matematycznego, Warszawa 1962. 5. Roger Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind, Oxsford University Press 1989. 6. Andrzej Lubomirski, O uogà ³lnieniu w matematyce, WrocÅ‚aw 1983. Understanding Mathematics Essay -- Math History Learning Papers Understanding Mathematics This paper is an attempt to explain the structure of the process of understanding mathematical objects such as notions, definitions, theorems, or mathematical theories. Understanding is an indirect process of cognition which consists in grasping the sense of what is to be understood, showing itself in the ability to apply what is understood in other circumstances and situations. Thus understanding should be treated functionally: as acquiring sense. We can distinguish three basic planes on which the process of understanding mathematics takes place. The first is the plane of understanding the meaning of notions and terms existing in mathematical considerations. A mathematician must have the knowledge of what the given symbols mean and what the corresponding notions denote. On the second plane, understanding concerns the structure of the object of understanding wherein it is the sense of the sequences of the applied notions and terms that is important. The third plane-understanding the 'role' of the object of understanding-consists in fixing the sense of the object of understanding in the context of a greater entity, i.e., it is an investigation of the background of the problem. Additionally, understanding mathematics, to be sufficiently comprehensive, should take into account (apart from the theoretical planes) at least three other connected considerations-historical, methodological and philosophical-as ignoring them results in a superficial and incomplete understanding of mathematics. In an outstanding book by P. J. Davis and R. Hersh, The Mathematical Experience, there is a small chapter devoted to the crisis of understanding mathematics. Alas, this fragment focuses only on the presentation of the d... ...an't learn mathematics without its thorough understanding. My postulate is that, in the process of teaching mathematics, we should take into account both the history and philosophy (with methodology) of mathematics, since neglecting them makes the understanding of mathematics superficial and incomplete. Bibliography 1. Philip J. Davis & Reuben Hersh, The Mathematical Experience, Birkhà ¤user Boston, 1981. 2. Izydora DÄ…mbska, W sprawie pojÄ™cia rozumienia, in: Ruch Filozoficzny 4, 1958. 3. John R.Searle, Minds, Brains and Programs, in: Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3, Cambridge University Press 1980, p.417-424. 4. Danuta Gierulanka, Zagadnienie swoistoÅ›ci poznania matematycznego, Warszawa 1962. 5. Roger Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind, Oxsford University Press 1989. 6. Andrzej Lubomirski, O uogà ³lnieniu w matematyce, WrocÅ‚aw 1983.